The Current Political Landscape in the Philippines: A Prelude to the 2025 Elections

As the Philippines gears up for the 2025 midterm elections, the political atmosphere is charged with anticipation and uncertainty. The upcoming elections will see the election of 12 new senators, 63 party-list representatives, and over 18,000 local officials, from governors to city councilors. Here’s a closer look at the key elements shaping the current political situation.

Shifting Political Alliances and Key Players

The political landscape is witnessing significant shifts, with notable figures making strategic moves. Recently, Imee Marcos withdrew from the administration coalition’s Senate slate, a decision that has stirred discussions about the coalition's stability and future strategies. On the other hand, Chel Diokno has been named as the first nominee for Akbayan’s 2025 reelection bid, signaling a robust campaign from the opposition.

Voter Registration and Engagement

The Commission on Elections (Comelec) has reported a substantial increase in voter registration, with around 3.4 million new voters registered. However, approximately 5.37 million voters are set to be deactivated for failing to vote in two consecutive polls. This dynamic could significantly impact the election outcomes, as new voters bring fresh perspectives and priorities to the political arena.

The Impeachment Prospect

One of the most contentious issues currently is the potential impeachment of Vice President Sara Duterte. The momentum for her impeachment is growing, and this development is expected to influence political allegiances and voter sentiment leading up to the elections. The outcome of this political maneuver could reshape the power dynamics within the government.

Political Dynasties 

Political dynasties continue to dominate the Philippine political scene. Despite the constitutional ban on  political dynasties, enforcement remains a challenge. The Marcos family, for instance, has a significant presence, with multiple family members holding key positions. Similarly, the Duterte family maintains strong political influence, particularly in Davao. This persistent dominance of political families raises questions about equitable access to public service and the true representation of the electorate's will. Among the prominent political dynasties include the Ampatuan, Abalos, Aquino, Binay,  Ejercito-Estrada, Bautista-Revilla, Ortega, and Aguilar-Villar.(note) Recently, Batangas governor and movie actress Vilma Santos-Recto is criticized when she announced the candidacy of his two sons in the same province.  

Issues and Campaign Focus

Candidates and political parties are gearing up to address critical issues that resonate with the electorate. Economic recovery post-pandemic, corruption, and social justice are likely to be at the forefront of campaign agendas. The electorate's response to these issues will play a crucial role in determining the election results.

Conclusion

The 2025 midterm elections in the Philippines are set to be a pivotal moment in the country’s political history. With shifting alliances, a surge in voter registration, and the looming prospect of an impeachment, the political landscape is both dynamic and unpredictable. As the election season progresses, it will be essential to stay informed and engaged with the developments that will shape the future of the Philippines.

What are your thoughts on the upcoming elections? Do you have any specific concerns or hopes for the future leadership?

Presidential, Parliamentary, & Federal - What Are They?

     The Philippine National Election on May 9 has shown that people are becoming excited about who would win the election and the changes that might occur once the popular becomes the president. People are clamoring for changes and sensitivity that they wanted from someone in authority who would overturn the increasing crime, yet approachable that can be easily reached and mindful of the people's plight. Questions as to "would he stand by his promise, when is he going to do it, and how he would do it" are being asked by people. What could be his first task at hand?

     One declaration that elected President Rodrigo Duterte had stated during his campaign, is to change the present form of the Philippine government. There are as numerous as a public classroom students list varied forms of government in the different parts of the world. We mostly hear the anarchy, oligarchy, communist, socialist, Marxist, imperialist, parliamentary, and federal, to name a few. Actually, the different systems or forms of government are being taught as early as grade 4 or 5.

     At present, the Philippines is a republic with a Presidential form of government. Under the Presidential form, our country is divided into three (3) branches with equal powers but separate from each other, as illustrated below.

1) Legislative Division is responsible for making laws and altering or repealing them. The Senate and the House of Representatives or Congress are under this division. Elected by people.

2) Executive Division is responsible for executing and implementing the laws. The President and his Vice President, along with the mayoralty are under this division and elected by the people. The President, however, appoints his own cabinet members (department secretaries) as granted by the Constitution.

3) Judiciary Division is responsible for settling controversies that are legally demandable and enforceable. The Supreme Court and Lower Court are under this division. It has also the power as granted by the Constitution to declare a treaty, international or executive agreement, law, presidential decree, proclamation, order, instruction, ordinance, or unconstitutional regulation. Appointments are made by the President based on a list submitted by the Judicial and Bar Council under the supervision of the Supreme Court.

Parliamentary on the other hand consists of two organizing bodies that are closely related and dependent upon each other. The two organizing body share their powers. See the illustration below:

1) Legislature may either be called an assembly, congress, or legislators. It is the law-making body of a government that has the power to amend and repeal public policy; observes and steers governing actions in a government system. Depending on certain countries or states, it may be in the form of unicameral or bicameral.
2) Executive consists of the head of state, it may be a President or Monarchy. As the case may be, they are the head of state but not the head of the government. The majority party that wins the election for Legislature is appointed Prime Minister, also called Premier or Chancellor. The Prime Minister possesses much greater power and status than the other ministers. The President or Monarchy appointed Cabinet Ministers with the advice of the Prime Minister. However, the Cabinet of Ministers is responsible to the legislature for all its activities and policies. The President is elected while a Monarchy is inherited.

A federal system of government is a division of power between a central national government and local governments that are connected by one another by the central national government. See the illustration below to have a clear grasp of how federalism works.

     There are powers designated to the Central/National government and powers reserved for the Regional/State government, but there is also the same shared power depending on what the constitution states. Each regional/state government elected a governor aside from its mayoralty. And just like in the presidential system, the central national government has Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary divisions with separate powers. The idea behind Federalism is to better suit the needs of each area in the country. The smaller branches of government from each region/state could deal with true things that need to be changed.

** images are created by Emily for April Brews, send a message for permission to use.

LINKS for more info:

http://www.bloomp.net/articles/benefits_federalism.htm

http://www.gov.ph/about/gov/

http://www.importantindia.com/12408/features-of-parliamentary-form-of-government/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalism_in_the_Philippines